Advancing Tribology with Natural Fibers The Future of Biodegradable Composite Materials

Abstract

Asbestos and copper, which have good heat-dissipation characteristics, have been used in friction materials; however, environmental pressure has forced a shift to non-toxic and biodegradable materials. This is because of the pressure to develop environmentally benign materials, and research interest is currently being placed on non-asbestos friction composite materials. While synthetic fiber composites are eco-friendly, the problems associated with cost and pollution have revived interest in natural fiber composites, the tribological behavior of which requires further investigation. Some of the main features that point toward natural fibers for reinforcement in composites are their abundance and ease of processing. This paper presents an overview of the tribological behavior of naturally fiber-reinforced composite materials that have potential applications in the automotive sector because of the following key factors: fiber types, matrices, polymers, treatment of fibers, and test parameters. Environmental sustainability concerns and new regulations have driven the search for biodegradable, renewable, and natural fiber-reinforced composites. These fibers have some advantages over synthetic fibers in terms of low density, comparable strength, nontoxicity, low cost, and minimal waste involved in disposal. Recent research has also identified the potential of fibers, such as jute, bagasse, and sisal. Natural fiber-reinforced composites show very good potential for tribological applications. They offer a singular link between environmental advantages and improved material performance, which makes them an appropriate alternative for use in industries.