Molybdenum Disulfide: A Review of Structure-Property Relationships, Thermal Transport, Tribological Performance and Oxidation Stability

Mukul Saxena; Monika Singh; Shailendra Kumar Verma; Ranjeet Kumar Singh; Pankaj Kumar Chauhan

doi:10.57159/jcmm.5.3.25438

Authors

Mukul Saxena Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0445-5128
Monika Singh Centre for Advanced Studies, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Shailendra Kumar Verma Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
Ranjeet Kumar Singh G L Bajaj Institute of Technology and Management, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
Pankaj Kumar Chauhan Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0467-7823

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.57159/jcmm.5.3.25438

Keywords:

Molybdenum Disulfide, Two-Dimensional Materials, Tribology, Thermal Conductivity, Solid Lubrication, Nano-Lubricants

Abstract

Background: Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is a layered two-dimensional (2D) material valued for its low friction, solid lubrication, and favorable thermal and mechanical behavior across a wide range of operating conditions. Its performance, however, is strongly governed by structure, defects, doping, morphology, and environment, and a unified view of these dependencies is still lacking.
Objective: This review critically synthesizes the experimental and computational literature on the structure-property-performance relationships of MoS2, with emphasis on thermal transport, tribological behavior, and oxidation stability for coatings and nano-lubricant applications under realistic service conditions.
Methods: Relevant work was identified through Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar using targeted search strings on MoS2 oxidation, environmental resistance, and nanostructuring, governed by defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. From 316 screened records, 93 studies were retained for synthesis as a critical narrative review.
Findings: Low friction and wear arise from easy basal-plane shear and friction-induced reorientation, while thermal conductivity falls with tensile strain, reduced layer number, and increasing defect density. Humidity, oxygen, and temperature drive defect-assisted oxidation and MoO3 formation that degrade lubricity, whereas dense microstructures, basal-plane texture, metal doping, nanostructuring, and transfer-film formation improve durability and environmental stability. Points of agreement and divergence between tribology-oriented and oxidation-focused studies are made explicit.
Conclusions: Reproducibility, scalability, aging, and long-term stability remain the principal obstacles to reliable deployment. The review identifies future directions that integrate large-scale synthesis, multi-scale modeling, and comprehensive environmental testing to support the reliability-driven design of MoS2 systems for aerospace, automotive, and electronic applications.

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